od

all

Display file contents in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal format. Optionally display the byte offsets and/or printable representation for each line. See also: `hexyl`, `xxd`, `hexdump`.

More info →

Options (6)

-v, --output-duplicatesboolean

Display file in verbose mode, i.e. without replacing duplicate lines with `*`

Example: od {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

-t, --formatboolean

Display file in hexadecimal format (2-byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format

Example: od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{d}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

-A, --address-radixboolean

Display file in hexadecimal format (2-byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format

Example: od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{d}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

-wboolean

Display file in hexadecimal format (1-byte units), and 4 bytes per line

Example: od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x1}} {{[-w|--width=]}}4 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

-N, --read-bytesboolean

Read only 100 bytes of a file starting from the 500th byte

Example: od {{[-N|--read-bytes]}} 100 {{[-j|--skip-bytes]}} 500 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

-j, --skip-bytesboolean

Read only 100 bytes of a file starting from the 500th byte

Example: od {{[-N|--read-bytes]}} 100 {{[-j|--skip-bytes]}} 500 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

Examples (6)

Display file using default settings: octal format, 8 bytes per line, byte offsets in octal, and duplicate lines replaced with `*`

od path/to/file

Display file in verbose mode, i.e. without replacing duplicate lines with `*`

od [-v|--output-duplicates] path/to/file

Display file in hexadecimal format (2-byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format

od [-t|--format] x [-A|--address-radix] d [-v|--output-duplicates] path/to/file

Display file in hexadecimal format (1-byte units), and 4 bytes per line

od [-t|--format] x1 [-w|--width=]4 [-v|--output-duplicates] path/to/file

Display file in hexadecimal format along with its character representation, and do not print byte offsets

od [-t|--format] xz [-A|--address-radix] n [-v|--output-duplicates] path/to/file

Read only 100 bytes of a file starting from the 500th byte

od [-N|--read-bytes] 100 [-j|--skip-bytes] 500 [-v|--output-duplicates] path/to/file

made by @shridhargupta | data from tldr-pages